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Error Could not register font. Verify that you have sufficient - Microsoft Community.
This thread is locked. You can follow the question or vote as helpful, but you cannot reply to this thread. I have the same question Report abuse. Details required :. Cancel Submit. Waseemulla Shariff. Hi, 1. Does it happen with a particular font or it happens with all the fonts? Resolved my issue. Clear instructions. Easy to follow.
No jargon. Pictures helped. Didn't match my screen. Incorrect instructions. Too technical. Not enough information. Not enough pictures. Yes No. Sorry this didn't help. Thanks for your feedback. Hi Alex, I've got the same issue, as w0bjh. I've read your comments with interest but am afraid I can't see anything you want him to use on my system Win7 Pro, bit.
When I right click on the Windows font folder and choose Properties, then no security tab is seen. I have only 2 tabs there: General and Previous Versions.
Are we talking about the same Windows version? Choose where you want to search below Search Search the Community. Search the community and support articles Windows Search Community member.
Get an error message error Could not register font. Verify that you have sufficient permissions to install fonts and that the system supports this font when installing office in Windows 7.
Will; its my computer and have all that security disabled and what font is it asking about? It installs and able to use it.
- Microsoft office home and student 2010 error 1907 free
Clifford LL. Durham J. Henderson A. Hughes A. Johnson B. Kelly A. Morgan A. Pauley III A. Rosenberg J. Sanchez A. Tharp, Jr. Thornton J. Tjoflat LL. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit John M.
Tyson M. Walker A. Wiggins J. Ward Armstrong B. Fisher A. McCabe A. Robinson, II LL. Eric Rothschild A. Smolla J. John H. Adams J. Bavishi A. Conti, Jr. Chokshi A. Anthony List , an organization that seeks to advance anti-abortion women in politics Marisa T. Darden J. Ford B. Gordon B. Hammer B.
Lawson B. E , M. P, , Kenyan author Neil Newhouse A. Ed Austin A. Kane Ditto A. Austin M. Allran A. B , former Lieutenant governor of Maryland F. Vernon Boozer A. Fuqua G. Tally A. Lekso Aleksishvili M. Paul Auerbach B. Todd Christofferson J. Martin M. Jeff Williams M. Allison IV M. Bostock A. Boston, Jr. Bovender, Jr. Campbell B. Cook M. Hon , chairman of the board of The Fuqua Companies, founder of the J. Brands Andrew K. Golden A. Goode A. Gross B.
Hawkins B. Betsy Holden A. Bruce Johnson B. Koskinen A. Mack A. Pascal A. Michael Pearson B. E , CEO of Ancestry. Pratt School of Engineering Robert M. Price B. Drew Rosenhaus J. Rubenstein A. Snow Jr. Steel A. Swedish M. Taylor B. Vincent B. Richard Wagoner, Jr. Wilson A. White, Jr. John Chandler B.
Flynn, Jr. Kent Fuchs B. Holland M. Kirwan Ph. Long A. Roselle Ph. Sweet Ph. Arun Agrawal M. Michael Alvarez Ph. Battle B. Baylin B. Canup B. Urey Prize Barry F. Cooper Ph. Dodge Ph. Downie A. Edward Freeman A. Kern Holoman B. Jarrow B. Kenney B. Koehl Ph. Kuniholm M. Lincecum Ph. McDavid, Jr. McKenzie B. Montagnier Ph. Morrill Ph. Morris Ph. Rich M. Richardson B. Thomas Ph. Anderson Thomson A. Townsend A. Willingham A. David H. Adams , heart valve surgery and mitral valve repair Raymond Delacy Adams M.
Brady, Jr. Browne Ph. Bryant Ph. N , Anna D. Thomas Caskey M. Church B. Clancy A. Stephen Foster B. Fraumeni, Jr. Good Ph. Haltiwanger B. Humayun M. Keyworth, II Ph. Lohse Post-Doc. MacDougal Ph. McClintock Post-Doc. McCord Ph. McDonald B. Mooney Ph. Nau Ph. Pegram B. Saltiel A. Wannamaker M.
Sanders Williams M. Wilson B. E , co-developer of the cochlear implant ; recipient of the Lasker Award for clinical research Melanie Wood B. Komotar B. Gibbons Ph. Sampson Ph. Yoder Ph. Ainehi Edoro Ph. William Domhoff A. David Drake J. Fenn A. Josephine Humphreys A. B , author; James B. Slaughter B. Styron A. Michael Best A. Cook B. Downs B. Moving Co. Steinberg J. Dan Abrams A. Bowyer Bell doctorate , historian, artist and art critic Dan Bernstein A.
Sean Flynn X. Oppel, Jr. Will Pearson A. Charlie Rose A. Secrest A. Alaa Abdelnaby , former professional basketball player, college basketball analyst [] Mark Alarie , former professional basketball player [] Grayson Allen , No.
League [] [] Joe Kennedy , former professional basketball player [] Luke Kennard , NBA player for the Los Angeles Clippers [] [] Antonio Lang , former professional basketball player [] Christian Laettner , former professional basketball player jersey retired [] Trajan Langdon , former professional basketball player [] Corey Maggette , former professional basketball player [] David McClure , former professional basketball player [] Josh McRoberts , former professional basketball player [] Jeff Mullins , professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors and head basketball coach at UNC Charlotte jersey retired [] DeMarcus Nelson , professional basketball player, Panathinaikos in Greece [] Greg Newton , former professional basketball player [] [] Martin Nessley , former professional basketball player [] Jahlil Okafor , No.
Stephen Amritraj B. Nathan Scott , a character played by James Lafferty on the television series One Tree Hill , received a scholarship to play basketball at Duke. Nathan Scott , one of the protagonists of the television series One Tree Hill , though his offer was rescinded when he was caught point shaving. Beese , biochemist, fellow of the National Academy of Sciences Adrian Bejan , mechanical engineering professor, inventor of constructal theory and namesake of the Bejan number Ravi V.
Bellamkonda , biomedical engineer Peter B. Dunlap, Jr. Dzau , James B. Duke Professor of Medicine ; pioneering translational research scientist Herbert Edelsbrunner , computer scientist, winner of the Alan T. Stanley Hauerwas , theologian and author N.
Joseph , former U. Levi , jurist Nan Lin , sociologist Jason Locasale , Professor of Pharmacology, internationally recognized for his contributions to the modern understanding of metabolism Martin J.
Mudimbe , philosopher associated with philosophy of language , phenomenology , and structuralism Norman Myers , British environmentalist Mark Anthony Neal , author Lenhard Ng , mathematician, child mathematical prodigy Miguel Nicolelis , pioneer of brain-machine interfaces Mohamed Noor , evolutionary biologist; recipient of the Darwin—Wallace Medal [] Wayne Norman , expert on political philosophy Jean Fox O'Barr , feminist teacher, scholar, and administrator; founded women's studies program at Duke Linwood Pendleton , former chief economist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Henry Petroski , civil engineer and writer Arlie Petters , pioneer in the mathematical theory and mathematical physics of gravitational lensing; professor of mathematics, physics, and business administration Lillian Pierce , mathematician Orrin H.
Quick , family physician and public health management specialist that focuses on global health security Christian R. Richardson , professor of biochemistry; developed the Richardson diagram, or ribbon diagram , method of representing the 3D structure of proteins, MacArthur Fellow Alexander Rosenberg , philosopher; winner of Lakatos Award in philosophy of science, Phi Beta Kappa Romanell lecturer Benjamin Rossman , computer scientist Kathy Rudy , social constructionist Omid Safi , professor of Islamic Studies David H.
Norman B. Boas , mathematician Ralph Boas , mathematician, recipient of the Lester R. Ford Award James Bonk , chemist. Keith H. Cell , professor of History at Duke. Cohen , economist, pioneer of market micro-structure Roger Corless , theologian who made significant contributions to interfaith dialogue John Shelton Curtiss , historian, James B.
Fairbank , physicist known for his work on liquid helium; member of the National Academy of Sciences Stanley Fish , former chair of the English Department, deconstructionist literary critic Wallace Fowlie , author and poet, awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in Clara Franzini-Armstrong , cell biologist, member of the National Academy of Sciences Bertram Fraser-Reid , organic chemist Robert C.
Hoover , founder of the field of comparative economic systems , awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Harry Truman in Jones , social psychologist , developed fundamental attribution error Alice Kaplan , author, chair of the French department at Yale Lawrence C.
Katz , neurobiologist Randall Kenan , author Robert Keohane , neoliberal scholar of international relations Kim Sung-Hou , structural biologist and biophysicist, member of the National Academy of Sciences Claudia Koonz , feminist historian Stephen Kovacs — , saber fencer and fencing coach, charged with sexual assault , died in prison [] [] [] While at Duke he mentored three-time NCAA women's saber champion Becca Ward.
Littman , computer scientist Daniel A. Livingstone , limnologist, recipient of the G. McCubbins , Ruth F. Morrison , mathematician; Guggenheim Fellow ; member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Thom Mount , film producer; president of the Producers Guild of America Francis Joseph Murray , mathematician and founder of functional analysis ; winner of the Outstanding Civilian Service Medal Toshio Narahashi , pharmacologist, the "founding father of neurotoxicology" Karen Neander , philosopher of mind Charles Nemeroff , psychiatrist, known for work in treating depression Hans Neurath , biochemist, leading researcher in the field of protein chemistry Laura Niklason , professor of anesthesiology and biomedical engineering Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim , theoretical physicist Albert Outler , Methodist theologian G.
Anton Peterlin , physicist Ernest C. Rhine , psychologist and parapsychologist; founder of modern studies of psychical phenomena Louisa E. Rondinelli , international development policy expert at the Sanford School of Public Policy Mary Ellen Rudin , mathematician David Sabiston , cardiac surgeon, one of the pioneers of coronary bypass surgery Guy Salvesen , biochemist, known for his work in the field of apoptosis E.
Simons , paleontologist and primate conservationist Barbara Herrnstein Smith , literary theorist Brian Cantwell Smith , scholar who conducts research in the fields of cognitive science, computer science, information studies, philosophy, and ontology Cordwainer Smith , author Joseph Tyree Sneed, III , U. Deputy Attorney General , judge on the U. Spengler , economist, statistician, and historian of economic thought Hertha Sponer , physicist Eugene A.
Stead , medical educator, founder of the physician assistant profession William Stern , psychologist, philosopher Kenneth B. Storey , professor of biochemistry and molecular biology Charles Tanford , protein chemist, member of the National Academy of Sciences Edward D.
Rothensies H. Jones S. Alexander Herman Steiner James A. Baldwin Floyd J. Egan to : Dr. John F. The Array of Contemporary American Physicists. Archived from the original on February 23, Retrieved December 30, ISBN The Independent. Environmental Health Perspectives.
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Retrieved July 6, Retrieved September 7, Archived from the original on July 8, Retrieved October 27, This process applies to nearly all areas, including the EU budget. The parliament is the final body to approve or reject the proposed membership of the commission, and can attempt motions of censure on the commission by appeal to the Court of Justice.
The president of the European Parliament carries out the role of speaker in Parliament and represents it externally. The president and vice-presidents are elected by MEPs every two and a half years. In , the budget of the European Community was 0.
The Court of Auditors is legally obliged to provide the parliament and the council specifically, the Economic and Financial Affairs Council with "a statement of assurance as to the reliability of the accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions".
The European Court of Auditors has signed off the European Union accounts every year since and, while making it clear that the European Commission has more work to do, has highlighted that most of the errors take place at national level. In November , two members of the union, Hungary and Poland , blocked approval to the EU's budget at a meeting in the Committee of Permanent Representatives Coreper , citing a proposal that linked funding with adherence to the rule of law.
The budget may still be approved if Hungary and Poland withdraw their vetoes after further negotiations in the council and the European Council. Member states retain all powers not explicitly handed to the European Union. In some areas the EU enjoys exclusive competence. These are areas in which member states have renounced any capacity to enact legislation.
In other areas the EU and its member states share the competence to legislate. While both can legislate, member states can only legislate to the extent to which the EU has not. In other policy areas the EU can only co-ordinate, support and supplement member state action but cannot enact legislation with the aim of harmonising national laws.
That a particular policy area falls into a certain category of competence is not necessarily indicative of what legislative procedure is used for enacting legislation within that policy area. Different legislative procedures are used within the same category of competence, and even with the same policy area. The distribution of competences in various policy areas between member states and the union is divided in the following three categories:.
The European Union is based on a series of treaties. These first established the European Community and the EU, and then made amendments to those founding treaties. These legal powers include the ability to enact legislation [p] which can directly affect all member states and their inhabitants. Under the principle of supremacy , national courts are required to enforce the treaties that their member states have ratified, and thus the laws enacted under them, even if doing so requires them to ignore conflicting national law, and within limits even constitutional provisions.
The direct effect and supremacy doctrines were not explicitly set out in the European Treaties but were developed by the Court of Justice itself over the s, apparently under the influence of its then most influential judge, Frenchman Robert Lecourt []. The General Court mainly deals with cases taken by individuals and companies directly before the EU's courts, [] and the European Union Civil Service Tribunal adjudicates in disputes between the European Union and its civil service.
The treaties declare that the European Union itself is "founded on the values of respect for human dignity , freedom , democracy, equality , the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities The charter is a codified catalogue of fundamental rights against which the EU's legal acts can be judged.
It consolidates many rights which were previously recognised by the Court of Justice and derived from the "constitutional traditions common to the member states.
The EU is independent from the Council of Europe, although they share purpose and ideas, especially on the rule of law, human rights and democracy. The EU has also promoted human rights issues in the wider world. The EU opposes the death penalty and has proposed its worldwide abolition.
Abolition of the death penalty is a condition for EU membership. On 19 October , the European Union revealed new plans to create a legal structure to act against human rights violations worldwide. The new plan was expected to provide the European Union with greater flexibility to target and sanction those responsible for serious human rights violations and abuses around the world. The main legal acts of the European Union come in three forms: regulations , directives , and decisions. Regulations become law in all member states the moment they come into force, without the requirement for any implementing measures, [v] and automatically override conflicting domestic provisions.
The details of how they are to be implemented are left to member states. Decisions offer an alternative to the two above modes of legislation. They are legal acts which only apply to specified individuals, companies or a particular member state.
They are most often used in competition law , or on rulings on State Aid, but are also frequently used for procedural or administrative matters within the institutions. Regulations, directives, and decisions are of equal legal value and apply without any formal hierarchy.
The European Ombudsman was established by the Maastricht Treaty. The ombudsman is elected by the European Parliament for the length of the parliament's term, and the position is renewable.
Since the creation of the European Union in , it has developed its competencies in the area of justice and home affairs; initially at an intergovernmental level and later by supranationalism. Accordingly, the union has legislated in areas such as extradition , [] family law, [] asylum law, [] and criminal justice.
The EU has also established agencies to co-ordinate police, prosecutorial and immigrations controls across the member states: Europol for co-operation of police forces, [] Eurojust for co-operation between prosecutors, [] and Frontex for co-operation between border control authorities. This co-operation had to particularly be developed with the advent of open borders through the Schengen Agreement and the associated cross border crime.
The borders inside the Schengen Area between Germany and Austria. Foreign policy co-operation between member states dates from the establishment of the community in , when member states negotiated as a bloc in international trade negotiations under the EU's common commercial policy. The aims of the CFSP are to promote both the EU's own interests and those of the international community as a whole, including the furtherance of international co-operation, respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
The unanimity and difficult issues treated under the CFSP sometimes lead to disagreements, such as those which occurred over the war in Iraq. The coordinator and representative of the CFSP within the EU is the high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy who speaks on behalf of the EU in foreign policy and defence matters, and has the task of articulating the positions expressed by the member states on these fields of policy into a common alignment.
The high representative heads up the European External Action Service EEAS , a unique EU department [] that has been officially implemented and operational since 1 December on the occasion of the first anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Besides the emerging international policy of the European Union, the international influence of the EU is also felt through enlargement.
The perceived benefits of becoming a member of the EU act as an incentive for both political and economic reform in states wishing to fulfil the EU's accession criteria, and are considered an important factor contributing to the reform of European formerly Communist countries.
The predecessors of the European Union were not devised as a military alliance because NATO was largely seen as appropriate and sufficient for defence purposes. Since the withdrawal of the United Kingdom, France is the only member officially recognised as a nuclear weapon state and the sole holder of a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. France and Italy are also the only EU countries that have power projection capabilities outside of Europe.
Following the Kosovo War in , the European Council agreed that "the Union must have the capacity for autonomous action, backed by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and the readiness to do so, in order to respond to international crises without prejudice to actions by NATO".
To that end, a number of efforts were made to increase the EU's military capability, notably the Helsinki Headline Goal process.
After much discussion, the most concrete result was the EU Battlegroups initiative, each of which is planned to be able to deploy quickly about personnel. EU forces have been deployed on peacekeeping missions from middle and northern Africa to the western Balkans and western Asia. It directs all military activities in the EU context, including planning and conducting military missions and operations in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy and the development of military capabilities, and provides the Political and Security Committee with military advice and recommendations on military issues.
Frontex is an agency of the EU established to manage the cooperation between national border guards securing its external borders. It aims to detect and stop illegal immigration, human trafficking and terrorist infiltration. In the European Commission presented its proposal for a new European Border and Coast Guard Agency having a stronger role and mandate along with national authorities for border management. In an EU consisting of 27 members, substantial security and defence co-operation is increasingly relying on collaboration among all member states.
Humanitarian aid is financed directly by the budget 70 per cent as part of the financial instruments for external action and also by the European Development Fund 30 per cent. In , the average among EU countries was 0. The European Union uses foreign relations instruments like the European Neighbourhood Policy which seeks to tie those countries to the east and south of the European territory of the EU to the union.
These countries, primarily developing countries, include some who seek to one day become either a member state of the European Union , or more closely integrated with the European Union. The EU offers financial assistance to countries within the European Neighbourhood, so long as they meet the strict conditions of government reform, economic reform and other issues surrounding positive transformation.
This process is normally underpinned by an Action Plan, as agreed by both Brussels and the target country. International recognition of sustainable development as a key element is growing steadily. The SDGs recognise that all countries must stimulate action in the following key areas — people, planet , prosperity, peace and partnership — in order to tackle the global challenges that are crucial for the survival of humanity. Partnership and cooperation agreements are bilateral agreements with non-member nations.
The European Union is the largest exporter in the world [] and in was the largest importer of goods and services. In the eurozone , trade is helped by not having any currency differences to deal with amongst most members.
The European Union Association Agreement does something similar for a much larger range of countries, partly as a so-called soft approach 'a carrot instead of a stick' to influence the politics in those countries.
When the EU negotiates trade related agreement outside the WTO framework, the subsequent agreement must be approved by each individual EU member state government. The European Union has concluded free trade agreements FTAs [] and other agreements with a trade component with many countries worldwide and is negotiating with many others.
The currency union represents million EU citizens. Of the top largest corporations in the world measured by revenue in , had their headquarters in the EU. Two of the original core objectives of the European Economic Community were the development of a common market, subsequently becoming a single market , and a customs union between its member states.
The single market involves the free circulation of goods, capital, people, and services within the EU , [] and the customs union involves the application of a common external tariff on all goods entering the market. Once goods have been admitted into the market they cannot be subjected to customs duties, discriminatory taxes or import quotas , as they travel internally.
The non-EU member states of Iceland , Norway , Liechtenstein and Switzerland participate in the single market but not in the customs union. Free movement of capital is intended to permit movement of investments such as property purchases and buying of shares between countries.
Post-Maastricht there has been a rapidly developing corpus of ECJ judgements regarding this initially neglected freedom. The free movement of capital is unique insofar as it is granted equally to non-member states. The free movement of persons means that EU citizens can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country.
This required the lowering of administrative formalities and recognition of professional qualifications of other states. The free movement of services and of establishment allows self-employed persons to move between member states to provide services on a temporary or permanent basis.
While services account for 60 per cent to 70 per cent of GDP, legislation in the area is not as developed as in other areas. This lacuna has been addressed by the Services in the Internal Market Directive which aims to liberalise the cross border provision of services. A EEA national identity card German version pictured.
A European driving licence card Croatian version pictured. A European passport , displaying the name of the member state, the national arms and the words "European Union" given in their official language s.
Irish version pictured. A European vehicle registration plate , consisting of a blue strip on the left side with the EU flag symbol, along with the country code of the member state in which the vehicle is registered. Slovak version pictured. The creation of a European single currency became an official objective of the European Economic Community in In , having negotiated the structure and procedures of a currency union, the member states signed the Maastricht Treaty and were legally bound to fulfil the agreed-on rules including the convergence criteria if they wanted to join the monetary union.
The states wanting to participate had first to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. In , the currency union started, first as an accounting currency with eleven member states joining. In , the currency was fully put into place, when euro notes and coins were issued and national currencies began to phase out in the eurozone, which by then consisted of 12 member states.
The eurozone constituted by the EU member states which have adopted the euro has since grown to 19 countries. It is at the centre of the European System of Central Banks , which comprehends all EU national central banks and is controlled by its General Council, consisting of the President of the ECB , who is appointed by the European Council, the vice-president of the ECB, and the governors of the national central banks of all 27 EU member states.
To complement this framework, there is also a European Systemic Risk Board under the responsibility of the central bank.
The aim of this financial control system is to ensure the economic stability of the EU. To prevent the joining states from getting into financial trouble or crisis after entering the monetary union, they were obliged in the Maastricht treaty to fulfil important financial obligations and procedures, especially to show budgetary discipline and a high degree of sustainable economic convergence, as well as to avoid excessive government deficits and limit the government debt to a sustainable level.
The European Commission working sectors are: aeronautics, automotive, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, cosmetics, defence, electronics, firearms, food and drink, gambling, healthcare, maritime, mechanics, medical, postal, raw materials, space, textile, tourism, toys and social economy Societas cooperativa Europaea.
In , the EU had a gross inland energy consumption of 1, million tonnes of oil equivalent toe. The EU has had legislative power in the area of energy policy for most of its existence; this has its roots in the original European Coal and Steel Community. The introduction of a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was approved at the meeting of the European Council in October , and the first draft policy was published in January The EU has five key points in its energy policy: increase competition in the internal market , encourage investment and boost interconnections between electricity grids; diversify energy resources with better systems to respond to a crisis; establish a new treaty framework for energy co-operation with Russia while improving relations with energy-rich states in Central Asia [] and North Africa; use existing energy supplies more efficiently while increasing renewable energy commercialisation ; and finally increase funding for new energy technologies.
In , EU countries as a whole imported 82 per cent of their oil, 57 per cent of their natural gas [] and The three largest suppliers of natural gas to the European Union are Russia, Norway and Algeria , that amounted for about three quarters of the imports in It is expected to target Russian oil, Russian and Belarusian banks, as well as individuals and companies. According to an article by Reuters, two diplomats stated that the European Union may impose a ban on imports of Russian oil by the end of In the estimated network covers: 75, kilometres 46, mi of roads; 78, kilometres 48, mi of railways; airports; maritime harbours; and internal harbours.
Rail transport in Europe is being synchronised with the European Rail Traffic Management System ERTMS , an initiative to greatly enhance safety, increase efficiency of trains and enhance cross-border interoperability of rail transport in Europe by replacing signalling equipment with digitised mostly wireless versions and by creating a single Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems.
The developing European transport policies will increase the pressure on the environment in many regions by the increased transport network. In the pre EU members, the major problem in transport deals with congestion and pollution. After the recent enlargement, the new states that joined since added the problem of solving accessibility to the transport agenda.
Mobile communication roaming charges are abolished throughout the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The Galileo positioning system is an EU infrastructure project. The Galileo project was launched partly to reduce the EU's dependency on the US-operated Global Positioning System , but also to give more complete global coverage and allow for greater accuracy, given the aged nature of the GPS system.
Until the s, the policy accounted for over 60 per cent of the European Community's annual budget, and in accounted for around 34 per cent. The policy's price controls and market interventions led to considerable overproduction. These were intervention stores of products bought up by the community to maintain minimum price levels. To dispose of surplus stores, they were often sold on the world market at prices considerably below Community guaranteed prices, or farmers were offered subsidies amounting to the difference between the community and world prices to export their products outside the community.
This system has been criticised for under-cutting farmers outside Europe, especially those in the developing world. Since the beginning of the s, the CAP has been subject to a series of reforms. Initially, these reforms included the introduction of set-aside in , where a proportion of farm land was deliberately withdrawn from production, milk quotas and, more recently, the 'de-coupling' or disassociation of the money farmers receive from the EU and the amount they produce by the Fischler reforms in Agriculture expenditure will move away from subsidy payments linked to specific produce, toward direct payments based on farm size.
This is intended to allow the market to dictate production levels. The EU operates a competition policy intended to ensure undistorted competition within the single market. In the commission for the first time prevented a merger between two companies based in the United States General Electric and Honeywell which had already been approved by their national authority. The EU seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 6.
The European Union has long sought to mitigate the effects of free markets by protecting workers' rights and preventing social and environmental dumping. To this end it has adopted laws establishing minimum employment and environmental standards.
The EU has also sought to coordinate the social security and health systems of member states to facilitate individuals exercising free movement rights and to ensure they maintain their ability to access social security and health services in other member states. The European Social Charter is the main body that recognises the social rights of European citizens.
A European unemployment insurance has been proposed among others by the commissioner of Jobs Nicolas Schmit. Since there has been a European commissioner for equality and the European Institute for Gender Equality has existed since Housing, youth, childhood, Functional diversity or elderly care are supportive competencies of the European Union and can be financed by the European Social Fund.
The European Pillar of Social Rights contains a preamble and 3 chapters with target values for 20 fields:. Chapter I: Equal opportunities and access to the labour market general education, professional training and lifelong learning, gender equality, equal opportunities, active support for employment.
Chapter II: Fair working conditions secure and adaptable employment, wages, information about employment conditions and protection in the event of dismissals, social dialogue and involvement of workers, work-life balance, healthy, safe and well-adapted working environments and data protection. Chapter III: Social protection and inclusion childcare and support for children, social protection, unemployment benefits, minimum income, old age income and pensions, healthcare, inclusion of people with disabilities, long-term care, housing and assistance for the homeless, access to essential services.
The EPSR is intended to act as a reference document of sorts, by means of which the labour markets and social standards in the Member States may approach the standards defined in the Pillar in the long term. Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds are supporting the development of underdeveloped regions of the EU. Such regions are primarily located in the states of central and southern Europe.
Demographic transition to a society of ageing population, low fertility-rates and depopulation of non-metropolitan regions is tackled within this policies. In , when the European Economic Community was founded, it had no environmental policy. European policy-makers originally increased the EU's capacity to act on environmental issues by defining it as a trade problem.
The legal basis for EU environmental policy was established with the introduction of the Single European Act in Initially, EU environmental policy focused on Europe. More recently, the EU has demonstrated leadership in global environmental governance, e. This international dimension is reflected in the EU's Sixth Environmental Action Programme, [] which recognises that its objectives can only be achieved if key international agreements are actively supported and properly implemented both at EU level and worldwide.
The Lisbon Treaty further strengthened the leadership ambitions. Mitigating climate change is one of the top priorities of EU environmental policy. In , member states agreed that, in the future, 20 per cent of the energy used across the EU must be renewable , and carbon dioxide emissions have to be lower in by at least 20 per cent compared to levels.
The EU has adopted an emissions trading system to incorporate carbon emissions into the economy. In the elections to the European Parliament , the green parties increased their power, possibly because of the rise of post materialist values.
Proposals to reach a zero carbon economy in the European Union by were suggested in — Almost all member states supported that goal at an EU summit in June The pledge is considered as a big achievement for climate change mitigation.
In , the EU emitted 9. Basic education is an area where the EU's role is limited to supporting national governments. In higher education, the policy was developed in the s in programmes supporting exchanges and mobility. The most visible of these has been the Erasmus Programme , a university exchange programme which began in In its first 20 years, it supported international exchange opportunities for well over 1. There are similar programmes for school pupils and teachers, for trainees in vocational education and training , and for adult learners in the Lifelong Learning Programme — These programmes are designed to encourage a wider knowledge of other countries and to spread good practices in the education and training fields across the EU.
Scientific development is facilitated through the EU's Framework Programmes , the first of which started in The aims of EU policy in this area are to co-ordinate and stimulate research.
The EU has no major competences in the field of health care and Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union affirms that "A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities".
The European Commission 's Directorate-General for Health and Consumers seeks to align national laws on the protection of people's health, on the consumers' rights, on the safety of food and other products. All EU and many other European countries offer their citizens a free European Health Insurance Card which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries. The EU has some of the highest levels of life expectancy in the world, with Spain, Italy, Sweden, France, Malta, Ireland, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Greece all among the world's top 20 countries with the highest life expectancy.
The overall life expectancy in the EU in was Cultural co-operation between member states has been an interest of the European Union since its inclusion as a community competency in the Maastricht Treaty.
Sport is mainly the responsibility of the member states or other international organisations, rather than of the EU. There are some EU policies that have affected sport, such as the free movement of workers, which was at the core of the Bosman ruling that prohibited national football leagues from imposing quotas on foreign players with European citizenship. The Treaty of Lisbon requires any application of economic rules to take into account the specific nature of sport and its structures based on voluntary activity.
The flag of Europe consists of a circle of 12 golden stars on a blue background. Originally designed in for the Council of Europe, the flag was adopted by the European Communities , the predecessors of the present European Union, in The Council of Europe gave the flag a symbolic description in the following terms, [] though the official symbolic description adopted by the EU omits the reference to the "Western world": [].
Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars symbolise the peoples of Europe in a form of a circle, the sign of union. The number of stars is invariably twelve , the figure twelve being the symbol of perfection and entirety. United in Diversity was adopted as the motto of the union in , having been selected from proposals submitted by school pupils. The anthem of the EU is an instrumental version of the prelude to the Ode to Joy , the 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven 's ninth symphony.
The anthem was adopted by European Community leaders in and has since been played on official occasions. Known from the myth in which Zeus seduces her in the guise of a white bull, Europa has also been referred to in relation to the present union.
Statues of Europa and the bull decorate several of the EU's institutions and a portrait of her is seen on the series of euro banknotes.
The bull is, for its part, depicted on all residence permit cards. The commission has named one of its central buildings in Brussels after Charlemagne and the city of Aachen has since awarded the Charlemagne Prize to champions of European unification.
Media freedom is a fundamental right that applies to all member states of the European Union and its citizens , as defined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as well as the European Convention on Human Rights. It provides support for the development, promotion and distribution of European works within Europe and beyond.
The European Union has had a significant positive economic effect on most member states. The largest winners were the new member states, in particular unskilled labour in the new member states. The European Union has contributed to peace in Europe, in particular by pacifying border disputes, [] [] and to the spread of democracy, especially by encouraging democratic reforms in aspiring Eastern European member states after the collapse of the USSR.
Daniel Kelemen argues that the EU has proved beneficial to leaders who are overseeing democratic backsliding , as the EU is reluctant to intervene in domestic politics, gives authoritarian governments funds which they can use to strengthen their regimes, and because freedom of movement within the EU allows dissenting citizens to leave their backsliding countries. At the same time, the union provides an external constraint that prevents soft authoritarian regimes from progressing into hard dictatorships.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from European union. Political and economic union of 27 European states. For other uses, see EU disambiguation. This article is about the European Union. For the various levels of integration within European countries including EU member states, see European integration. Show globe. Show special territories. Location of the European Union dark green in Europe dark grey. Luxembourg City. Latin Greek Cyrillic. Website europa.
Main article: History of the European Union. For a chronological guide, see Timeline of European Union history. Further information: Treaties of the European Union and European integration. Further information: Ideas of European unity before Main article: Treaty of Rome. Main article: Maastricht Treaty. Main article: Treaty of Lisbon.
Main article: Demographics of the European Union. See also: List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits and list of urban areas in the European Union. Largest population centres of the European Union metropolitan regions, Eurostat [68]. Main article: Languages of the European Union. See also: Euro English. Main article: Religion in the European Union. Main article: Member state of the European Union. Main article: Geography of the European Union.
Coast of Zakynthos , in the Ionian Islands of Greece. The Berlaymont building European Commission. The Europa building European Council. Institutions of the European Union. Main article: European Council. Main article: European Commission. Ursula von der Leyen President of the European Commission.
Charles Michel President of the European Council. Roberta Metsola President of the European Parliament. Main article: Council of the European Union. Main article: European Parliament. Main article: Budget of the European Union. Competitiveness for Growth and Jobs Global Europe 6. Economic, Territorial and Social Cohesion Administration 6. Security and Citizenship 1. See also: European Citizens' Initiative. Further information: Area of freedom, security and justice and Citizenship of the European Union.
Europol Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. Eurojust Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. Seat of Frontex in Warsaw, Poland. A clickable Euler diagram [file] showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements. Main article: Economy of the European Union. See also: Next Generation EU.
European Union documents. Right: 19 of the 27 EU member states have adopted the euro as their legal tender. The eurozone dark blue represents million people. Main article: Energy policy of the European Union. Main article: Transport in the European Union. Further information: European Commissioner for Transport.
Main article: Common Agricultural Policy. Less developed regions. Transition regions. More developed regions. Main article: Sport policies of the European Union. Further information: European Heritage Label.
European Union portal Europe portal. The population of the UK is roughly 0. Baltic: Latvian and Lithuanian. For more information, see Special member state territories and the European Union. See also: Factortame litigation : Factortame Ltd. Secretary of State for Transport No. This is a political and not a legal requirement for membership.
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